Thank You For Arguing: Chapter 25 Summary

Chapter 25 Summary

So here we are at the final chapter and the final summary. We've learned a lot from this book. We learned how to use logic in ways we never have done and we also learned how to use ethos to manipulate people in small cases. But any was chapter 25 was just a long conclusion of all the skills of rhetoric we have learned. It also so gave us stories on our past leaders and how they had studied Cicero and Aristotle's rhetoric teachings. George Washington is a big example of this. The chapter also goes on to explain why rhetoric should be introduced back into schools because this is actually a method that young kids will need later on life. I see why they gave us this book for summer reading. Rhetoric skills, if used properly, can get this nation far in life and after reading this last chapter I can kinda see why this book was written. But to summarize this all up, this chapter chapter was explaining the usefulness of rhetoric and how it'll make us better as an individual.

Thank You For Arguing: Chapter 14 Summary

Chapter 14 Summary

In Chapter 14 we was introduced to the seven deadly sins. They are: False Comparison, Bad Example, Ignorance as Proof, False choice, Red Herring and Wrong Ending. Okay so obviously that's a lot to remember, and I haven't even explained them to yet. But I don't have to. The easiest way to remember those 7 sins is to just remember these 3 phrases; Bad proof, Bad Conclusion and Disconnect between proof and conclusion. Okay so first lets go over bad proof. Bad proof covers 3 of the seven which are false comparison(putting examples into the wrong categories), bad example and ignorance as proof(exaggerating that lack of examples can prove something true/false). Then we have bad conclusion. Bad conclusion consist of one of the 7 sins,false choice(offering two choices when there are more to be chosen). And finally you have Disconnect between proof and conclusion. This consist of Red herring( a sneaky distraction to when an argument) wrong ending( when proof fails to reach the conclusion) and tautology(when proof and conclusion is identical). That's it for this chapter.

Thank You For Arguing: Chapter 13 Summary

Chapter 13 Summary

Okay so this chapter talked about logic and how if you're really comfortable and confident about your logic people are bore bound to be persuaded by it. Now there are 4 different tools to logic and each tool, if used properly, will make your logic skills become better than what it is now. Plus it makes you a better persuader. Okay so the first tool is deduction. Deductive logic just gives you a basic principal to any particular situation you may encounter.Rhetoric deduction uses an unusual way on getting you to your final point while understanding the outcomes of a matter through a lens of belief and value. The second tool is enthymeme. Enthymeme means an argument in which one premise is not explicitly stated. in this situation you're basically stating to a person your choices in which you want while stating a commonplace at the end. Its just that none of this is supposed to be direct because if it is too direct, your form of logic may fail on

you. Next we have induction, argument by example. You'll probably use inductive logic when you're not sure if your audience has a commonplace. Also, most importantly, iduction logic is to got from specific to general. So keep that in mind if you want to use it properly. And finally the last tool is Fact, Comparison and story. This tool is to help with your induction logic and supply you with more examples for your argument. 

Thank You For Arguing: Chapter 8 Summary

Chapter 8 Summary 

This chapter described Aristotle's self goodwill, Disinterest. Okay so let me explain how disinterest works. Disinterest is the appearance of having your audience interest and attention at heart. Now there are 3 tools to this method. First is the reluctant conclusion where you reach your conclusion only cause of its overwhelming rightness. Then you have the personal sacrifice. The personal sacrifice is when you tell your audience that the choice that you're about to make will benefit them way more than it'll benefit you while also making them think you will suffer from it. So a real world situation for this tool will be video games. So say you and your brother are playing Madden or something and you tell him that if you pick this play you'll have a bigger chance in winning. What you just did there was reveal a personal sacrifice. And finally we have dubitatio. Dubitatio is another word for dubious for better understanding. Dubitatio works by showing your audience that you have doubt in your rhetoric skills. you want it to seem like your lacking the right persuasion skills. At the end of the chapter it states that " The plainspoken, seemingly ingenuous speaker is the trickiest of them all, being most believable.". Also when using dubitatio in an one on one argument you want to start off soft spoken but when you get to making your point you stare directly into there eyes so the can see the truth and know that you mean and stand by every word you just said. So to wrap this up i say Aristotle's art of disinterest is just a mere way of manipulating people.